Cost Reduction and Control Best Practices in .NET

Creator qr-codes in .NET Cost Reduction and Control Best Practices

Finding the solution to the issue of evolution and migration path from second to third generation (see Figure 7.1.3), particularly from a service provision point of view, was also

Figure 2.10 Membership functions for linguistic property sets low (L), medium (M), and high (H) for each feature axis.

PROJECT OXYGEN Dertouzos was well aware that computing is becoming more human centered. The trend begun by the introduction of the personal computer as a device for the dedicated use of an individual is continuing as additional features and technologies devoted to the individual user are introduced. In addition, the use of computers and microprocessor devices is spreading everywhere. In the future, under the vision of ubiquitous computing, we will not need to carry our own devices around with us. Instead, recon gurable generic devices will be available throughout our environment to keep us connected and to bring computation to us, whenever and wherever we might go. New systems will boost our productivity by performing automated, repetitive human tasks, controlling the diversity of physical devices in our environment, nding the information we need, and enabling us to work together. Project Oxygen,5 a project of the MIT Computer Science and Arti cial Intelligence Laboratory, is an innovative and forward-looking effort to develop the computing architecture of the future, an architecture that is at the heart of the concept of ubiquitous computing and the ubiquitous Web. The concept of Project Oxygen entails the application of pervasive, human-centered computing through a combination of needed user and system technologies. Oxygen s user technologies are intended to directly address human needs; they include speech and vision technologies that enable users to communicate directly with the Oxygen system in a similar manner to direct interaction with another human being.6 This idea revolves around establishing a new kind of connection between human users and the ubiquitous computing resources that are embedded in the human environment. To achieve the vision of Project Oxygen, the project focuses on the development of three key components to the system:

When we discussed synchronization primitives in the first section, we saw that all forms of synchronization can be achieved by making a synchronous request in one thread. We can extend this idea for multiple requests. The difference is that we do not just create one thread

Rosen (1982). Tierney and Kadane (1986) introduce it in the context of Bayesian statistics for the computation of posterior modes and marginal densities. The main result from Ellis and Rosen (1982) is given below. Result 5.2.1. Suppose that g( ) is a smooth, unimodal function on Rk . Then 2 k/2 |det[D 2 g( )]| 1/2 exp[ng( )][1 + O(n 1 )], (5.48) k n R where maximizes g( ) over Rk and D 2 g( ) is the matrix of second derivatives of g( ) evaluated at . exp[ng( )] d = We refer the reader to Ellis and Rosen (1982) for a proof. In practice, unimodality can be relaxed to the case of one dominant mode. It is important that the function g( ) be stable and not change with n. The term smooth is used loosely to mean that at least two derivatives exist. Intuitively, Laplace s method takes advantage of the fact that as n gets larger, the integrand becomes more peaked about . Since the integrand is always positive, we are integrating a positive function whose maximal value is growing with n. Therefore, only the local behavior of the function at its maximum determines the area at a high level of accuracy. Laplace s method is used for studying the asymptotic behavior of integrals of the form of (5.48) as n . The leading order asymptotic behavior of the integral is determined by the largest value of the integrand. To apply Laplace s approximation with owgraphs, we de ne g( ) to be g( ) = log[f Z (z| ) ( |D)]. (5.49)

82 false detections in the full search region. Given the implications of a false detection discussed previously, this is clearly unacceptable. However, suppose we change the rules for what happens when a detection (false or otherwise) occurs by performing a con rmation of detection before turning the signal over to the tracking loops. Because a false detection takes place only once in 1000 search cells, it is possible to use a much longer dwell (or a sequence of repeated dwells) for purposes of con rmation without markedly increasing the overall search speed, yet the con rmation process will have an extremely high probability of being correct. In the event that con rmation indicates no signal, the search can continue without interruption by the large time delay inherent in detecting the failure to track. In addition to using longer dwell times, the con rmation process can also perform a local search in which the frequency=code cell size is smaller than that of the main, or global, search, thus providing a more accurate estimate of signal frequency and code phase when a detection is con rmed. Figure 3.12 depicts this scheme. The global search uses a detection threshold b that provides a high PD and a moderate value of PFA . Whenever the detection statistic L exceeds b at a frequency=delay cell, a con rmation search is performed in a local region surrounding that cell. The local region is subdivided into smaller cells to obtain better frequency delay resolution, and a longer dwell time is used in forming the detection statistic L. The longer dwell time makes it possible to use a value of b that provides both a high PD and a low PFA. Adaptive Signal Searches Some GPS receivers use a simple adaptive search in which shorter dwell times are rst used to permit rapid acquisition of moderate to

Figure 9.2 The Action of Projective and Introjective Identification. The mechanism here is the interaction of the child s projective and introjective identifications with the parent as the child meets frustration, unrequited yearning, or trauma. (The same situation could apply to two adult partners.) The diagram depicts the child longing to have his needs met and identifying with similar trends in the parent via projective identification. The child meeting with rejection identifies with the frustration of the parent s own anti-libidinal system via introjective identification. In an internal reaction to this frustration, the libidinal system is further repressed by the renewed force of the child s anti-libidinal system. 1982 David Schar ff. Used with permission.