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To select a range of cells, first make sure that the virtual keyboard is not displayed. If it is, tap the device s Back button. Then, tap and hold on the cell that will be at the start of the selected range. Tap Select Cells from the pop-up menu that appears, and then drag away from that cell and select the cell range you want; you must drag your finger across the screen. If you re doing it right, it will resemble Figure 12-19.

Creating a Top-Level Menu Bar (continued)

Then the expected value of (3.61) under the null hypothesis is 0. We can derive estimates of shift A, and location T, from such rank tests: (1) In the two sample case, adjust A, such that ( X I ! . . . ,z ) and (y1 - A,, . . . , y - A,). , ,

Adding one or more subscribers to the subscription comes next. Click Next to launch the Subscribers dialog box, shown in Figure 39-10. Check the servers you wish to make subscribers of this publication, and in the Subscribers and subscription database section, click on the drop-down menu to select the subscription database. You can also add subscribers that do not appear in this list by clicking the Add Subscriber button.

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THIRD GENERATION SOURCES AND OTHER NEW SOURCES the electron beam size and the angular divergence at the source point are much smaller than those of the synchrotron radiation, r and r , which is realized in the vertical direction in third generation sources, synchrotron radiation from an undulator is transversely coherent. Light from bending magnets is transversely coherent in the vertical direction in the longer wavelength range even for second generation sources. The transverse coherence ensures that all the light coming from the source point can interfere at dispersive elements in a monochromator to obtain the highest spectral resolution without losing intensity but also at the sample to obtain sharp diffraction or interference patterns. Longitudinal coherence of light from an undulator is expressed in terms of the coherence length de ned as lc = 2 / , where is the spectral width of light. Since the fractional spectral width of the nth harmonic light from an undulator is approximately equal to 1/nN, the coherence length is given by nN . Interference experiments such as holography can be done on a specimen, the thickness of which is of the order of the coherent length. The coherence length can be done longer using a high resolution monochromator. By coherently illuminating surfaces with microstructures, interference patterns are generated by scattered light, which are called speckle patterns, and they give information on the microstructures. The source degeneracy of synchrotron radiation, which is an index showing the intensity of coherent light, is given as = Bp 3 /4c, where Bp is the peak brilliance expressed in mrad, and 100 %bw.9 For ordinary undulators, is less than unity contrary to lasers, for which is enormous. Free electron lasers, which can produce high power coherent light with large in the shorter wavelength regions, are awaited for quantum optical experiments such as nonlinear optics. Polarization If light from bending magnets is con ned with an appropriate horizontal slit in the beamline, linearly polarized light is obtained on the median plane of the storage ring and elliptically polarized light is obtained off the plane. Linear polarization exceeding 95 % is easily obtained, while

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c c where plc , 0,l , S ,l are the power, delay, and delay spread of the lth cluster, respectively. The sum of all cluster powers has to add up to the narrowband power described in Section 7.2. For a PDP in the form of Eq. (7.4), the rms delay spread characterizes delay dispersion. In the case of multiple clusters, Eq. (7.5), the rms delay spread is de ned mathematically, but often has a limited physical meaning. Still, the vast majority of measurement campaigns available in the literature use just this parameter for characterization of delay dispersion. Typical values of the delay spread for different environments are (see Molisch and Tufvesson [2004] for more details and extensive references) as follows:

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