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Figure 19-11: The Rotation and Collision rollout options can control how objects collide with one another.

As stated earlier, the theoretical heritage of cognitive-behavioral alcohol treatment derives from the social learning approach to understanding human behavior, more recently referred to as social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1969, 1986, 1997). Based on a tradition of empirical studies and theoretical hypothesis testing, the social cognitive approach has evolved within psychology from earlier behavioral theories but departs from a strictly behavioral approach to human problems by incorporating the principles of reciprocal determinism, observational learning, social cognition and self-regulation. Cognitivebehavioral alcohol treatment combines behavioral and cognitive interventions in an overall approach that emphasizes self-management and rejects labeling clients with traits like alcoholic or drug addict , which are often promoted by moral and disease models of addiction. The psycho-educational philosophy of this approach focuses on enhancing client motivation, providing new knowledge about drinking and its consequences, and fostering coping skills to empower a person to maintain long-term freedom from excessive and problematic alcohol use. The rst principle of cognitive-behavioral alcohol treatment is that the excessive drinking characteristic of alcohol abuse and dependence disorders is conceptualized as a set of socially learned behaviors with multiple determinants. These determinants include genetic factors, past learning, situational antecedents, cognitive processes and immediate positive and delayed negative consequences. This treatment approach focuses on: (a) situational antecedents of excessive drinking, such as time of day, place, people, activities; (b) internal states, such as anxiety, depression or other unpleasant emotions or painful sensations that may increase the likelihood of excessive drinking; (c) cognitive processes, such as expectancies about the rewarding effects of alcohol and attributions infusing alcohol with the power of a magic elixir to transform moods; and (d) the reinforcing consequences that serve to maintain drinking behavior at an excessive level. Cognitive-behavioral alcohol treatment integrates classical conditioning mechanisms (see Drobes et al., 2001), instrumental learning (see Bigelow, 2001), and social-cognitive processes (see Collins & Bradizza, 2001) in the understanding of the etiology of excessive drinking and its therapeutic techniques of

Wireless networking reigns supreme when it comes to convenience and ease of use. As the name implies, with wireless networks you don t have to run any cables. Plus, no computer is tied down to any one cable. For example, you can use your notebook computer in any room in the house, or even out on the patio, and still have Internet access without being tied to a cable. Wireless networking is definitely the wave of the future. To set up a wireless LAN, you need a wireless NIC for each computer. You also need one Wireless Access Point (WAP) that connects to one computer, as illustrated in Figure 60-4.

Feedback cannot be effective unless the person receiving it listens and understands and sees it as relevant. The snag is that people easily put up defences when they sense that judgement is about to be passed on them. Even when the judgement is complimentary, it may get pushed aside with It s nothing, just doing my job . People defend themselves against comments they nd intrusive and personal, and against criticism. Nevertheless, we need to be able to discuss mistakes and poor performance and deal with issues about which people are sensitive. To do that, we have to keep matters impersonal.

On the other hand, if the American economy grows by 3.3 percent a year during this decade, our output will have risen by $260 billion from 1965 to 1975, so that we can match their cold war effort and still have plenty left over for other purposes. In short, victory in the cold war (or a hot war) is not really dependent upon comparative rates of economic growth. The numbers game of economic growth should really be subordinated to the manner in which our economy functions and a rational allocation of our resources. It takes brains as well as dollars to get to the moon and to solve the development problems of the Latin-American countries. If we throw away our growth on luxuries alone, we will lose even if our growth rate exceeds the Russians ; if we take full advantage of the higher base from which we start and, as we can much more easily afford to do, if we direct our growth toward the improvement of world economic conditions and the remedy of shortcomings in our own society, we cannot help winning out. Our greatest tragedy would be a failure to use our capabilities to the fullest possible extent. Nothing would be worse for our cause in the cold war than a persistent and heavy load of unemployment in this country. Although the capitalist system has done a magni cent job of providing employment and raising living standards since 1945, we must remember that it survived the 1930s by a hair s breadth. The evil reputation of the bad economics of prewar days still smolders, especially in Europe.